4 digit passwords list9/5/2023 In the six-digit case, we were able to reach a similar security level with a smaller blocklist.Īs the user frustration increases with the blocklists size, developers should employ a blocklist that is as small as possible while ensuring the desired security.īased on our analysis, we recommend that for four-digit PINs a blocklist should contain the 1,000 most popular PINs to provide the best balance between usability and security and for six-digit PINs the 2,000 most popular PINs should be blocked. Security gains are only observed when the blocklist is much larger. In each case, we had a small (four-digit: 27 PINs six-digit: 29 PINs), a large (four-digit: 2,740 PINs six-digit: 291,000 PINs), and a placebo blocklist that always excluded the first-choice PIN.įor four-digit PINs, we find that the relatively small blocklist in use today by iOS offers little to no benefit against a throttled guessing attack. We extracted both blocklists and compared them with six other blocklists, three for each PIN length. Two such blocklists are in use today by iOS, for four digits (274 PINs) as well as six digits (2,910 PINs). We also study the effects of blocklists, where a set of "easy to guess" PINs is disallowed during selection. We find that against a throttled attacker (with 10, 30, or 100 guesses, matching the smartphone unlock setting), using six-digit PINs instead of four-digit PINs provides little to no increase in security and surprisingly may even decrease security. In this article, we provide the first comprehensive study of user-chosen four- and six-digit PINs (n=1,705) collected on smartphones with participants being explicitly primed for device unlocking. Our work appeared at the 41st IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (IEEE SP '20). Extended Paper Includes new data about 6-digit PINs and an extended analysis.#Īn extended version of our work appeared in the ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (ACM TOPS '21, Vol. When two or more PINs share the same frequency, i.e., it is not possible to directly determine a guessing order, we ordered those PINs using a Markov model. Our attacker guesses PINs in decreasing probability order based on the Amitay-4-digit and RockYou-6-digit datasets. PINs are extracted from consecutive sequences of exactly n-digits in leaked password data.īy following this method, we extracted 6-digit PINs from the RockYou password leak, which we refer to as RockYou-6-digit (2,758,490 PINs).įor comparison, we also provide a 4-digit version of the RockYou dataset (1,780,587 PINs). 12345678 12345 iloveyou 111111 123123 Other common passwords are: Nothing Secret Password1 Admin The biggest problem with this list is, you would not find much change if matched with the previous years’ list. The app mimicked a lock screen allowing users to set a 4-digit PIN.Īmitay anonymously and surreptitiously collected 4-digit PINs (204,432).Īs there was no similar 6-digit PIN data available to inform our attacker, we relied on 6-digit PINs extracted from the RockYou password leak, similar to Bonneau et al. Use a password manager like LastPass to save your passwords, it keeps your information protected from attacks or snooping.Before our user study, the most realistic set of 4-digit PINs was from 2011, where Daniel Amitay developed the iOS application "Big Brother Camera Security.".Update passwords after every three months.Avoid using similar passwords that change only a single word or character.Share your sensitive information with friends and family through LastPass’ secure password sharing. Never share your passwords via email or text message.When you create a password on your own, use random characters, but don't follow easy-to-recognize patterns – e.g.Avoid password reuse with the security dashboard, which alerts you to take proactive action when you’ve reused a password or created a weak one.Don’t use any personally identifiable information in your passwords.textformat fullscreen settings Options getapp Download contentcopy Copy addtohomescreenGoClip. Make sure your passwords are at least 12 characters long and contain letters, numbers, and special characters. 3 digit 4 digit 5 digit 6 digit 1-10 1 - 100 Random Hex Random Binary Combinations Random Strings.LastPass will generate a unique password for each account you create. With the LastPass built-in password generator you don’t need to fuss with thinking of new passwords.Take action and improve your defense against them. Phishing, stolen credentials, and human error challenge your password security.
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